[Alik]

Exactly. The entrance loss coefficient is really important. However, defining the coefficient precisely is rather hard. According to HEC Ras manual for concrete box culverts with sharp edges, entrance head loss of 0.5 should be good. I used this number for modeling the culvert.

[Alik]

Thanks Jarvis,

I agree with you that we need to be very cautious when we model two culverts in series. I am just wondering if that ineffective flow concept works fine or not. I still think that is why ineffective flows have been defined in HEC-RAS. Or at least it can be close to what really happens behind a restricted culvert. I am surprised there are not many examples of modeling these culverts despite they should be popular for designers.

[Author]

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