Hi NicoB,
I have the same problem as you in QGIS 3: the levees stationing are correct, but the elevations are missing.
I managed to overcome this problem like this:
1. v.sample (GRASS tool) -> LeveePoints as defining sample points + DEM as raster map to be sampled -> run
2. Join (layer property -> Joins) LeveePoints to the newly created output layer (in my case it’s called Sampled)
3. Update the field Elevation of LeveePoints with the field calculator by indicating the name of the joint column
4. Remove the join
Hope that helps.