Hi – you should be able to find the answers in the official HEC-RAS manuals. However… regarding Q1, the DS reach lengths are the distance downstream to the next XS.
– Channel – distance between channel inverts, usually measured along the river centreline/reach line
– ROB/LOB – distance between L and R bank stations; you can measure these manually along the banklines (you need to turn them on in RAS Mapper), but if you have lots of XS then it can be automated by exporting the banklines as a shapefile and analysing in GIS.
Good luck!